PAPI results vary

[Jingcha]

Hello Everyone
I am playing around with PAPI to do some performance measurements, specifically, TOT_CYC, TOT_INS, L2_DCM.
However, I am not quiet sure as to why the results vary. I tried 4 scenario and compared the results:
Scenario 1:

Code: Select all

PAPI_start()
for i 0 to 500
call func()
end for
PAPI_end()


Results: TOT_CYC = 23330897, TOT_INS = 79542, L2_DCM = 779

Scenario 2:

Code: Select all

for i 0 to 500
PAPI_start()
call func()
PAPI_end
end for
sum_the_values()


Result: TOT_CYC = 443303 TOT_INS = 146898 L2_DCM =830

Scenario 3:

Code: Select all

void func()
{
 PAPI_start()
do_something()
PAPI_end()
}
int main()
{
for i 0 to 500
call func()
end for
sum_the_results()
}


Resuls = TOT_CYC=171056 TOT_INS=128893 L2_DCM=445


Questions:
1. Scenario 1 seems to consume a LOT of CYC, but the tot INS looks too less than Scenario 2 or 3.
2. I noticed that in case of Scenario 2 and Scenario 3, 1st iteration alone seems to take "abnormally" lot of CYC and INS. Is there a specific reason? For example, in Scenario 3, 1st iteration was approx 13,000 CYC and 4200 INS, vs rest of the iterations which were fairly constant around 450 CYC and 250 INS.
3. Whats the overhead of making PAPI_start() and PAPI_stop calls ? Also, when calling PAPI_stop, does it also count the CYC and INS that it ended up using?

thanks,
J.Joba

[andreasscc]

I can't say anything to the specific differences in your code. Maybe Compiler optimization?

Speaking about benchmarking in general. Well, especially at level 2 cache my results vary. When i benchmark under Linux with perf it has to do witch background tasks. Even the most simple background task creates a lot of "noise". I also use an lvm (i installed fedora and forgot to uncheck lvm) and this is also cpu intensive.

Regards,
Andreas

[Jingcha]

Well, I compiled the code with -O0.
Secondly. why would compiler optimization cause such a huge difference in the values, just by moving the PAPI calls across?